january 2020 reward,星期月份怎么缩写

本文目录

• 1.due怎么读
• 2.大家
• 3.介词有多少个
• 4.关于国际经济法的一道案例题

due怎么读

due的读音是：英[dju_]。

due的读音是：英[dju_]。due的详尽释义是adj.(形容词)适当的，合适的，恰当的应有的，正当的预期的，预计的到期的应支付的预定的，约定的。due的意思是adj.应有的；到期的；预定的；应付的；n.应得物；会费。

一、详尽释义点此查看due的详细内容

adj.(形容词)适当的，合适的，恰当的应有的，正当的预期的，预计的到期的应支付的预定的，约定的n.(名词)应有的权利，应得权益，当然权利应得到的东西，应得之物，应得的份额应付款，应缴款（如俱乐部会费）税金，手续费正当报酬当然权利adv.(副词)正向地，正对着，正向着确切地，精确地正好地直接地prep.(介词)因为，由于v.(动词)赋予二、双解释义

adj.(形容词)[P]应支付,应给予,欠下owedasadebtoranobligation[P]应有,应得到owedsth;deservingsth[P]到期的requiringimmediatepayment[P]预定,约定,预期scheduled;arranged;expected[A]适当的,正当的,适宜的suitable;right;proper三、词典解释

1.由于;因为

Ifaneventisduetosomething,ithappensorexistsasadirectresultofthatthing.

e.g.Thecountry'seconomicproblemsarelargelyduetotheweaknessoftherecovery...

该国的经济问题很大程度上是因为复苏乏力。

e.g.Ifthetripisasuccess,alotofthiswillbeduetoMrGreen'sefforts.

如果说这次旅行获得了成功,那很大程度上要归功于格林先生的努力。

2.由于,因为(构成原因状语,有些英语国家的人认为该用法不正确)

Youcansayduetotointroducethereasonforsomethinghappening.SomespeakersofEnglishbelievethatitisnotcorrecttouseduetointhisway.

e.g.DuetothelargevolumeoflettershereceivesDaveregretsheisunabletoanswerqueriespersonally...

因信件数量繁多,戴夫无法亲自答复提出的问题，他为此表示歉意。

e.g.JobscouldbelostinthedefenceindustryduetopoliticalchangessweepingEurope.

因横扫欧洲的政治变故,国防行业中有些人可能会失业。

3.到期的;预期的;预定到达的

Ifsomethingisdueataparticulartime,itisexpectedtohappen,bedone,orarriveatthattime.

e.g.Theresultsaredueattheendofthemonth...

预计月底会有结果。

e.g.ThefirstpriceincreasesareduetocomeintoforceinJuly...

第一批提价预计将在7月开始执行。

4.适当的;适合的;充分的

Dueattentionorconsiderationistheproper,reasonable,ordeservedamountofitunderthecircumstances.

e.g.Afterdueconsiderationitwasdecidedtosendhimawaytolivewithfosterparents...

充分考虑之后决定将他送到养父母那儿生活。

e.g.Idohopethatpeoplewillmakeuseoffootpathsandtreatthemwithdueattentionthatisneeded.

5.应有的;应得的;应得到的

Somethingthatisdue,orthatisduetosomeone,isowedtothem,eitherasadebtorbecausetheyhavearighttoit.

e.g.Iwassentachequefor￡1,525andadvisedthatnofurtherpensionwasdue...

我收到了一张1,525英镑的支票，并被告知我应得的养老金到此为止。

e.g.I'vegotsomeleaveduetomeandIwasgoingtoTasmaniaforafortnight.

我打算利用应享有的假期去塔斯马尼亚呆两周。

6.(期待很长时间后)预期应得的,预计应到的

Ifsomeoneisdueforsomething,thatthingisplannedtohappenorbegiventothemnow,orverysoon,oftenaftertheyhavebeenwaitingforitforalongtime.

e.g.Thedeputychiefinspectorrangmeupandsaid,'MissSmith,youknowyouaredueforamove?'...

副总督察给我打电话说,“史密斯小姐,你知道你要搬家了吗？”

e.g.Heisnotdueforreleaseuntil2020.

他要到2020年才能被释放。

7.会（员）费

Duesaresumsofmoneythatyougiveregularlytoanorganizationthatyoubelongto,forexampleasocialclubortradeunion,inordertopayforbeingamember.

e.g.Only18oftheUN's180membershadpaidtheirduesbytheJanuarydeadline.

在一月最后期限前联合国180个成员国只有18个缴纳了会费。

8.(用在north，south，east或west前表示方向)正

Dueisusedbeforethewords'north','south','east',or'west'toindicatethatsomethingisinexactlythedirectionmentioned.

e.g.Theyheadedduenorth...

他们朝正北方向行进了。

e.g.TheThamesflowsduesouthfromOxford,throughthemarkettownofAbingdon.

泰晤士河从牛津向正南方向流去，穿过阿宾顿的集镇。

9.在适当的时候;到一定的时候

Ifyousaythatsomethingwillhappenortakeplaceinduecourse,youmeanthatyoucannotmakeithappenanyquickeranditwillhappenwhenthetimeisrightforit.

due的翻译

e.g.Induecoursethebabywasborn...

婴儿足月降生了。

e.g.Thearrangementswillbepublishedinduecourse.

计划将在适当的时候公布。

10.给?以应有的评价;公道地对待?

Youcansay'togivehimhisdue',or'givinghimhisdue'whenyouareadmittingthattherearesomegoodthingsaboutsomeone,eventhoughtherearethingsthatyoudonotlikeaboutthem.

due的近义词

e.g.TogiveLindaherdue,shehadtriedtoencourageJohninhisschoolwork.

说句公道话,琳达努力规劝过约翰要好好学习。

e.g.Youcansay'withduerespect'whenyouareabouttodisagreepolitelywithsomeone.

(发表不同意见前的谦语)恕我冒昧,恕我直言

四、例句

Whenitcomestogivingduerespecttotheoldpeople,shefeelsabituneasy.

说到给老人应有的尊敬,她有些不自在。

TheBBCmustensurethatdueimpartialityispreservedinitsnewsprogrammes.

Ifyou'regoingtothelibrary,wouldyoumindreturningthisbookforme?It'sduetoday.

如果你要去图书馆的话,是否介意替我还一下这本书呢?它今天到期。

TheEnglishversionofthenovelisdueforpublicationnextyear.

这部小说的英文译本预定明年出版发行。

TheCustomerobligationstopayanydueamountshallincludeallcommissions,chargesandothercostsdeterminedbytheCompany.

客户有支付任何应付的金额的义务应包括公司规定的所有的佣金，收费及其他费用。

Hereceivedalargereward,whichwasnomorethanhisdue.

他得到了一大笔奖金,这只是他应得的。

Paulhaven'tpaidmyduesyet.

保罗还没交会费。

五、常用短语

用作形容词(adj.)duefor应有,应得到owedsth;deservingsth

dueto归功于,应属于causedbysb/sth;becauseofsb/sth

induecourse在适当时机,最终attheappropriatetime;eventually

六、情景对话

学校

B：Whenisthe(assignment/project/report)due?

什么时候交（作业/计划/报告）？

A：It’sduetomorrow.

明天。

假期

due

B：Whenisthisbookdueback?

这本书归还期限是什么时候？

A：It’sdueback(nextTuesday/aweekfromFriday/inthreedays).

下星期二/星期五开始后的一个星期/三天以内。

放松

A：Takeiteasy.Don’tworksohard.

放轻松点儿！别干得那么辛苦。

due的反义词

B：Ican’ttakeiteasy.Thisisdueinthemorning.

不拼命不行，今天上午得全部干完。

七、词义辨析

adj.(形容词)bedueto,owe...to二者的共同意思是“欠”。其区别是：1.owe是动词;due是形容词。例如:Sheowestendollarstohersister.她欠她姐姐10美元。Anymoneythatisduetoyouwillbepaidbeforetheendofthismonth.欠你的钱将在这月底之前全部支付给你。2.owe...to常译为“欠某人的债”,用于比喻可表示对“某人负有义务或名誉,功劳应归于?”;而due一般译为“应付给”,用以表示原因。例如:Ourgratefulthanksareduetothepolicedepartmentfortheirhelpinthemakingofthisfilm.我们由衷感谢警方在制作这部影片的过程中给予我们的帮助。dueto,beauseof参见because条。dueto,owingto这两个短语都可作“由于,因为”解。owingto表示的理由有直接性,常用作口语,是介词短语,在句中的位置一般没有限制;dueto表示的理由同样带有直接性,但在句中多用作表语。due的相关近义词

ample、deserved、enough、expected、fit、fitting、just、mature、owing、proper、right、suitable、unpaid

due的相关临近词

duel、Dudley、Duer、Duez、Duek、dues、Duex、Duen、Dueh、Duevu、Duerr、Duena

点此查看更多关于due的详细信息

大家

Michael Jackson is a true humanitarian, an example to us all. He has devoted much time and money to a wide range of charities. He loves children and takes time out when touring secretly visting sick children. He also has special rooms at his home Neverland for sick and terminally ill children to stay over. He was listed in the 2000 edition of the Guiness Book Of World Records for breaking the world record for the "Most Charities Supported By a Pop Star". It states that Michael Jackson has supported 39 charity organizations either with monetary donations through sponsorships of their projects or by participating in their silent auction.

individualy We have made an alphabetical list of known charities that Michael Jackson has individualy supported publically throughout his career. Michael Jackson also helped set up Heal The World Foundation, the charities this has supported have not been listed. Read our Heal The World/kids page for details of this foundation.

洛杉矶艾滋病项目 AIDS Project LA

美国癌症协会 American Cancer Society

天使食品 Angel Food

大洛杉矶地区大哥哥大洛杉矶 Big Brothers of Greater Los Angeles

体重指数基金公司 BMI Foundation, Inc.

兄弟的远征 Brotherhood Crusade

Brothman烧伤中心 Brothman Burn Center

麦当劳叔叔营 Camp Ronald McDonald

美国儿童援助 Childhelp USA

儿童研究所国际 Children's Institute International

城市与学校奖学基金 Cities and Schools Scholarship Fund

社区青少年体育及艺术基金会 Community Youth Sports & Arts Foundation

国会（CBC）的黑人核心小组 Congressional Black Caucus (CBC)

达喀尔基金会 Dakar Foundation

甜梦童装 Dreamstreet Kids

慈善梦想成真 Dreams Come True Charity

伊丽莎白泰勒艾滋病基金会 Elizabeth Taylor Aids Foundation

青少年糖尿病基金会 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation

恋爱婚姻 Love Match

请给许愿基金会 Make-A-Wish Foundation

少数民族艾滋病项目 Minority Aids Project

摩城博物馆 Motown Museum

有色人种协进会 NAACP

全国彩虹联盟 National Rainbow Coalition

澳大利亚扶轮社 Rotary Club of Australia

协会的歌手 Society of Singers

星光基金会 Starlight Foundation

卡特中心的亚特兰大项目 The Carter Center's Atlanta Project

镰状细胞研究基金会 The Sickle Cell Research Foundation

Transafrica Transafrica

联合黑人大学联合基金会（UNCF） United Negro College Fund (UNCF)

联合黑人大学联合基金会梯的希望 United Negro College Fund Ladder's of Hope

美国志愿者 Volunteers of America

瓦夏日节 Watts Summer Festival

愿望成 Wish Granting

基督教青年会 - 第28街/克伦肖 YMCA - 28th Street/Crenshaw

此外更具体的有：

First 10 Charities of Michael Jackson

• AIDS Project LA

• American Cancer Society

• Angel Food

• Big Brothers of Greater Los Angeles

• BMI Foundation, Inc.

• Brotherhood Crusade

• Brotman Burn Center

• Camp Ronald McDonald

• Childhelp U.S.A.

• Children's Institute International

Support Children's Defense Fund

On Behalf of Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson contributed to many children charities, visited terminally ill children in hospitals, equiped a 19-bed-unit at Mount Senai New York Medical Center, donated all the monies he received from the Pepsi commercial to the Michael Jackson Burn Center for children, visited children in orphanages, and many children suffering from cancer.

The mission of the Children's Defense Fund is to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities.

Second 10 Charities of Michael Jackson

• Cities and Schools Scholarship Fund

• Community Youth Sports & Arts Foundation

• Congressional Black Caucus (CBC)

• Dakar Foundation

• Dreamstreet Kids

• Dreams Come True Charity

• Elizabeth Taylor Aids Foundation

• Juvenile Diabetes Foundation

• Love Match

• Make-A-Wish Foundation

Support Juvenile Diabetes Research Fund

On behalf of Michael Jackson

This is one of MJ's charities from the list above. In 1992 at a press conference, MJ announced that he was planning a world tour to raise monies for his Heal the World Foundation. This Foundation supported the fight against AIDS, Juvenile Diabetes and supported Camp Ronald McDonald and the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

Michael donated $100,000 to the Children's Defense Fund, the Children's Diabetes Foundation, the Atlanta Project, and the Boys and Girl Clubs of Newark, New Jersey.

in 2000, Michael painted a plate to be auctioned for the "Carousel of Hope Ball" benefiting childhood diabetes research.

JDRF is the leading charitable funder and advocate of type 1 (juvenile) diabetes research worldwide. The mission of JDRF is to find a cure for diabetes and its complications through the support of research.

Third 10 Charities of Michael Jackson

• Minority Aids Project

• Motown Museum

• NAACP

• National Rainbow Coalition

• Nelson Mandela's Children's Fund

• Red Cross

• Rotary Club of Australia

• Society of Singers

• Starlight Foundation

• The Carter Center's Atlanta Project

Support Donors Choose

On behalf of Michael Jackson

Why did I choose this charity-organization because Michael did a lot with supporting education:

In 1987 - At the end of his Bad Tour, Michael donates some personal items to the UNESCO for a charitable auction. The proceeds will be for the education of children in developing countries.

In 1992 - Michael declared, "Black Colleges and Universities are breeding some of the leading personalities of our time. They are on top in business, justice, science and technologies, politics and religion. I am proud, that the Michael Jackson Scholarship Program enabled more than 200 young men and women to get a qualified education."

In 1997 - Michael waved his personal fee for his Bombay appearance and donated $1.1 million to a local charity helping to educate children living in slums.

In 2001 - Michael handed out books to young people at a Newark, NJ theater. The event, which helped to launch the Michael Jackson International Book Club, part of his new Heal the Kids charity, aims to promote childhood reading and encourage parents to return to reading bedtime stories

DonorsChoose.org is dedicated to addressing the scarcity and inequitable distribution of learning materials and experiences in our public schools.

The Last Nine Charities of Michael Jackson

• The Sickle Cell Research Foundation

• Transafrica

• Unesco

• United Negro College Fund (UNCF)

• United Negro College Fund Ladder's of Hope

• Volunteers of America

• Watts Summer Festival

• Wish Granting

• YMCA - 28th Street/Crenshaw

介词有多少个

1.表示地点位置的介词

1)at ,in, on, to，for

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”

in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。

on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。

to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”

2)above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；

over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。

on表示某物体上面并与之接触。

The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

3)below, under 在……下面

under表示在…正下方

below表示在……下，不一定在正下方

There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面

in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。

There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)

in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。

There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.

我们的教室前边有一块黑板。

Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.

我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)

5）beside，behind

beside 表示在……旁边

behind 表示在……后面

2.表示时间的介词

1)in , on，at 在……时

in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。

如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。

on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。

如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.

2)in, after 在……之后

“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；

“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；

“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

3)from, since 自从……

from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；

since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。

4)after, behind 在……之后

after主要用于表示时间；

behind主要用于表示位置。

时间名词前介词用法口诀

年前周前要用in

具体日子却要禁

遇到几号要用on

上午下午又是in

要说某日上下午

用on换in记清楚

午夜黄昏用at

黎明用它也不错

at用在时分前

说“差”可要用上to

说"过''要用past

3.表运动方向的介词：

across, through 通过，穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关；

through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。

4.表示“在……之间”的介词：

between, among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间；

among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

5.表示其他意义的介词

1)on ,about 关于

on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；

about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。

2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；

with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；

in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；

3)except, besides 除了

except 除……之外，不包括在内；

besides 除……之外，包括在内。

Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also wentting to see the film.(王先生也去了)

关于国际经济法的一道案例题

（1）有理，应支付。（2）可以，只要有明确的受约束的意思表示即可。

“天不想亮”你懂不懂啊？这是英国法判例上大名鼎鼎的薰剂案！

Carlill Vs. Carbolic smoke ball

The Full decision of the case

APPEAL from a decision of Hawkins, J.(2)

The defendants, who were the proprietors and vendors of a medical preparation called "The Carbolic Smoke Ball," inserted in the Pall Mall Gazette of November 13, 1891, and in other newspapers, the following advertisement: "100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epidemic influenza, colds, or any disease caused by taking cold, after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied with each ball. 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, shewing our sincerity in the matter.

"During the last epidemic of influenza many thousand carbolic smoke balls were sold as preventives against this disease, and in no ascertained case was the disease contracted by those using the carbolic smoke ball.

"One carbolic smoke ball will last a family several months, making it the cheapest remedy in the world at the price, 10, post free. The ball can be refilled at a cost of 5 Address, Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, 27, Princes Street, Hanover Square, London."

The plaintiff, a lady, on the faith of this advertisement, bought one of the balls at a chemist’s, and used it as directed, three times a day, from November 20, 1891, to January 17, 1892, when she was attacked by influenza. Hawkins, J., held that she was entitled to recover the 100 The defendants appealed.

Finlay, Q.C., and T. Terrell, for the defendants. The facts shew that there was no binding contract between the parties. The case is not like Williams v. Carwardine (4 B. Ad. 621), where the money was to become payable on the performance of certain acts by the plaintiff; here the plaintiff could not by any act of her own establish a claim, for, to establish her right to the money, it was necessary that she should be attacked by influenza - an event over which she had no control. The words express an intention, but do not amount to a promise: Week v. Tibold. 1 Roll. Abr. 6 (M.). The present case is similar to Harris v. Nickerson. Law Rep. 8 Q. B. 286. The advertisement is too vague to be the basis of a contract; there is no limit as to time, and no means of checking the use of the ball. Anyone who had influenza might come forward and depose that he had used the ball for a fortnight, and it would be impossible to disprove it. Guthing v. Lynn 2 B. Ad. 232 supports the view that the terms are too vague to make a contract, there being no limit as to time, a person might claim who took the influenza ten years after using the remedy. There is no consideration moving from the plaintiff: Gerhard v. Bates 2 E. B. 476. The present case differs from Denton v. Great Northern Ry. Co. 5 E. B. 860, for there an overt act was done by the plaintiff on the faith of a statement by the defendants. In order to make a contract by fulfilment of a condition, there must either be a communication of intention to accept the offer, or there must be the performance of some overt act. The mere doing an act in private will not be enough. This principle was laid down by Lord Blackburn in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 666. The terms of the advertisement would enable a person who stole the balls to claim the reward, though his using them was no possible benefit to the defendants. At all events, the advertisement should be held to apply only to persons who bought directly from the defendants. But, if there be a contract at all, it is a wagering contract, as being one where the liability depends on an event beyond the control of the parties, and which is therefore void under 8 9 Vict. c. 109. Or, if not, it is bad under 14 Geo. 3, c. 48, s. 2, as being a policy of insurance on the happening of an uncertain event, and not conforming with the provisions of that section.

Dickens, Q.C., and W. B. Allen, for the plaintiff. [THE COURT intimated that they required no argument as to the question whether the contract was a wager or a policy of insurance.] The advertisement clearly was an offer by the defendants; it was published that it might be read and acted on, and they cannot be heard to say that it was an empty boast, which they were under no obligation to fulfil. The offer was duly accepted. An advertisement was addressed to all the public - as soon as a person does the act mentioned, there is a contract with him. It is said that there must be a communication of the acceptance; but the language of Lord Blackburn, in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 666, shews that merely doing the acts indicated is an acceptance of the proposal. It never was intended that a person proposing to use the smoke ball should go to the office and obtain a repetition of the statements in the advertisement. The defendants are endeavouring to introduce words into the advertisement to the effect that the use of the preparation must be with their privity or under their superintendence. Where an offer is made to all the world, nothing can be imported beyond the fulfilment of the conditions. Notice before the event cannot be required; the advertisement is an offer made to any person who fulfils the condition, as is explained in Spencer v. Harding Law Rep. 5 C. P. 561. Williams v. Carwardine 4 B. Ad. 621 shews strongly that notice to the person making the offer is not necessary. The promise is to the person who does an act, not to the person who says he is going to do it and then does it. As to notice after the event, it could have no effect, and the present case is within the language of Lord Blackburn in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 666. It is urged that the terms are too vague and uncertain to make a contract; but, as regards parties, there is no more uncertainty than in all other cases of this description. It is said, too, that the promise might apply to a person who stole any one of the balls. But it is clear that only a person who lawfully acquired the preparation could claim the benefit of the advertisement. It is also urged that the terms should be held to apply only to persons who bought directly from the defendants; but that is not the import of the words, and there is no reason for implying such a limitation, an increased sale being a benefit to the defendants, though effected through a middleman, and the use of the balls must be presumed to serve as an advertisement and increase the sale. As to the want of restriction as to time, there are several possible constructions of the terms; they may mean that, after you have used it for a fortnight, you will be safe so long as you go on using it, or that you will be safe during the prevalence of the epidemic. Or the true view may be that a fortnight’s use will make a person safe for a reasonable time.

Then as to the consideration. In Gerhard v. Bates 2 E. B. 476, Lord Campbell never meant to say that if there was a direct invitation to take shares, and shares were taken on the faith of it, there was no consideration. The decision went on the form of the declaration, which did not state that the contract extended to future holders. The decision that there was no consideration was qualified by the words "as between these parties," the plaintiff not having alleged himself to be a member of the class to whom the promise was made.

Finlay, Q.C., in reply. There is no binding contract. The money is payable on a person’s taking influenza after having used the ball for a fortnight, and the language would apply just as well to a person who had used it for a fortnight before the advertisement as to a person who used it on the faith of the advertisement. The advertisement is merely an expression of intention to pay 100 to a person who fulfils two conditions; but it is not a request to do anything, and there is no more consideration in using the ball than in contracting the influenza. That a contract should be completed by a private act is against the language of Lord Blackburn in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 692. The use of the ball at home stands on the same level as the writing a letter which is kept in the writer’s drawer. In Denton v. Great Northern Ry. Co. 5 E. B. 860 the fact was ascertained by a public, not a secret act. The respondent relies on Williams v. Carwardine 4 B. Ad. 621, and the other cases of that class; but there a service was done to the advertiser. Here no service to the defendants was requested, for it was no benefit to them that the balls should be used: their interest was only that they should be sold. Those cases also differ from the present in this important particular, that in them the service was one which could only be performed by a limited number of persons, so there was no difficulty in ascertaining with whom the contract was made. It is said the advertisement was not a legal contract, but a promise in honour, which, if the defendants had been approached in a proper way, they would have fulfilled. A request is as necessary in the case of an executed consideration as of an executory one:

Lampleigh v. Braithwait 1 Sm. L. C. 9th ed. pp. 153, 157, 159; and here there was no request. Then as to the want of limitation as to time, it is conceded that the defendants cannot have meant to contract without some limit, and three limitations have been suggested. The limitation "during the prevalence of the epidemic" is inadmissible, for the advertisement applies to colds as well as influenza. The limitation "during use" is excluded by the language "after having used." The third is, "within a reasonable time," and that is probably what was intended; but it cannot be deduced from the words; so the fair result is that there was no legal contract at all.

看不懂？我给你大致讲一下。法官是这么说的，虽然说广告是对不特定人提出的，一般情况下属于要约邀请（ITT），但是本案中，被告不仅将悬赏内容写得十分具体，而且已经把1000英镑存进银行，充分显示出它愿意受到该广告内容的约束（to be bound）,所以符合了要约的根本特征，即受约束的意思表示。所以，本案中的广告是一个要约。而原告通过购买并使用薰剂的行为作出了行为承诺。有要约，有承诺，这个合同就成立了。

英美法教材用这个案例来说明，要约不一定要向特定人发出，只要有明确的受约束的意思表示即可。

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